ludo i brzo

03 Nov, 2008

Kelnska katedrala

— Autor oliva @ 08:50

Kelnska katedrala važi za najveću nemačku katedralu a jedna je od najznačajnijih crkava u svetu. Mere ove katedrale su neverovatne: ukupna visina zvonika 157m, unutrašnjost je duga 144m a široka skoro 45m, glavni brod visok je 43m. Osim veličine, ističe se jedinstvom gotskog stila.

 1248. za vreme nadbiskupa Konrada od Hohštadena, položen je kamen temeljac ovog zdanja. U to vreme Keln je već imao za sobom 1300 godina razvoja. Oko 50 godina p.n.e. na ovoj teritoriji je osnovana jedna rimska kolonija pa su uz samu katedralu pronađeni ostaci rimske palate sa 75m2 Dionisovog mozaika iz II veka nove ere. 1959 godine, duboko u temeljima katedrale otkrivena su dva franačka groba s kraljevskim ukrasima iz sredine VI veka.

 Kelnska katedrala je započeta sa građenjem 1248. godine i sporo je napredovala. Hor je bio završen 1320, a 1322. godine posvećen. Do 1400. završen je južni zvonik na dva sprata a od XIV do XVI veka sazidani su glavni i bočni brodovi do visine od 15 do 18m. Na tome je ostalo sve do XIX veka i za bogosluženje je korišćen samo hor. Kancelar cara Barbarose je 1164. godine preneo iz Milana relikvije sv.Tri Kralja u Keln. Zbog ovih relikvija Kelnska katedrala je dobila rang crkve kraljeva. U srednjem veku se tu krunisao i nemački kralj.

 Sa gradnjom se nastavlja u godinama od 1843. do 1880. i pridodati su joj novi delovi “u starom duhu”. Uskoro, katedrala postaje simbol nemačkog ugleda. Ono što i danas fascinira jeste svetlo koje ulazi kroz obojeno staklo na prozorima i građevini daje svojstvo jedne nebeske katedrale koja, pored svoje veličine, deluje kao da nema težinu.

 O umetničkom blagu koje poseduje Kelnska katedrala pisano je u mnogim delima. Treba pomenuti da je Raspeće, koje je nastalo oko 970. godine, najstarije sačuvana predstava razapetog Hrista urađena u plastici. Najveću slavu je stekao kovčeg Tri kralja, najveće delo zlatarske veštine na svetu, koje je započeo Nikolaus fon Ferdun 1181. godine a završili su ga majstori iz Kelna oko 1220. Najznačajnijim vajarskim delima Nemačke ranog XIV veka smatraju se Apostoli na pregradama hora. Ne manje vredni su i srednjovekovni prozori i blistava dela riznice. Najveće delo kelnske slikarske škole XV veka je Triptih Doma od Štefana Lohnera. U drugom svetskom ratu srušeni su svodovi glavnog broda i severni delovi bočnih brodova. Jedanaest godina 70 ljudi je radilo na otklanjanju štete. Pri tome su se graditelji čvrsto držali prethodnih planova. Kelnska katedrala je danas ponovo skladna celina savršenih formi.


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